[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.konjunktura.cz\/immanuel-kant\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.konjunktura.cz\/immanuel-kant\/","headline":"Immanuel kant","name":"Immanuel kant","description":"\u00a0 cel\u00fd \u017eivot pro\u017eil v Kr\u00e1lovci\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 univerzitn\u00ed u\u010ditel a knihovn\u00edk \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 studium teologie, filosofie a p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch v\u011bd \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivotospr\u00e1vyobdob\u00ed p\u0159ed-kritick\u00e9 \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed filosofie…","datePublished":"2020-01-09","dateModified":"2023-05-06","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.konjunktura.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.konjunktura.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/831abbcc684823965c5caa39ae4561083127c8aedfe9e524c6cecc176998c733?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/831abbcc684823965c5caa39ae4561083127c8aedfe9e524c6cecc176998c733?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"konjunktura.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.konjunktura.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a347186_w2685_t1561387230.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.konjunktura.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a347186_w2685_t1561387230.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.konjunktura.cz\/immanuel-kant\/","about":["Z\u00e1bava"],"wordCount":477,"articleBody":"\u00a0 cel\u00fd \u017eivot pro\u017eil v Kr\u00e1lovci\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 univerzitn\u00ed u\u010ditel a knihovn\u00edk\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 studium teologie, filosofie a p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch v\u011bd\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivotospr\u00e1vyobdob\u00ed p\u0159ed-kritick\u00e9\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed filosofie \u2192 ohe\u0148, sopky, Newtonova filosofie\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 teorie vzniku slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavy\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 teorie vzniku vesm\u00edru a pohybu planet\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201eFyzick\u00e1 monodologie\u201c\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201eO rozli\u010dn\u00fdch lidsk\u00fdch ras\u00e1ch\u201cobdob\u00ed kritick\u00e9\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 metafyzika = v\u011bda o hranic\u00edch lidsk\u00e9ho rozumu\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00fakol: prozkoumat strukturu lidsk\u00e9ho my\u0161len\u00ed a zjistit zdroje a hranice pozn\u00e1n\u00ed\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201eKritika \u010dist\u00e9ho rozumu\u201c 1.) transcendent\u00e1ln\u00ed nauka o elementech\u2192 transcendent\u00e1ln\u00ed estetika \u2013 schopnosti smysl\u016f\u2192 transcendent\u00e1ln\u00ed logika \u2013 schopnosti my\u0161len\u00ed2. Transcendent\u00e1ln\u00ed metodologie \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 transcendent\u00e1ln\u00ed = pozn\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se nezab\u00fdv\u00e1 p\u0159edm\u011bty, ale zp\u016fsobem, jak\u00fdm \u010dlov\u011bk p\u0159edm\u011bty pozoruje\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 kopernikovsk\u00fd obrat = pozn\u00e1n\u00ed vykl\u00e1d\u00e1no z \u010dlov\u011bka a z lidsk\u00fdch p\u0159edpoklad\u016f\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 pozn\u00e1vat, v\u0161ichni ch\u00e1peme v\u011bci v prostoru a \u010dase \u2013 d\u00e1ny apriori\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u010dist\u00fd rozum \u2013 pozn\u00e1n\u00ed absolutn\u011b z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na smyslov\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sv\u011bt v\u011bc\u00ed o sob\u011b = sv\u011bt tak, jako kolem n\u00e1s existuje\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sv\u011bt v\u011bc\u00ed pro n\u00e1s = tak, jak ho vn\u00edm\u00e1memetafyzika \u2013 3 ot\u00e1zky, kter\u00e9 by m\u011bla \u0159e\u0161it:1) Co mohu v\u011bd\u011bt? \u2013 epistemologie (teorie pozn\u00e1n\u00ed) –2) Co mohu \u010dinit? – etika3) V co mohu doufat? – teologie\u201eKritika praktick\u00e9ho rozumu\u201c \u2013projevuje se jedn\u00e1n\u00edm bytosti\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ot\u00e1zka etiky \u2192 Jak m\u00e1me jednat?\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 praktick\u00fd rozum \u2192 poznat spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 od \u0161patn\u00e9ho\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2 hypot\u00e9zy\t\t1.) od vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho podn\u011btu\t\t2.) v \u010dlov\u011bku zvnit\u0159n\u011bl\u00fd\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kategorick\u00e1 imperativ \u2192 z\u00e1kon, kter\u00fdm se \u0159\u00edd\u00edme\u201eJednej tak jakoby se maxima (z\u00e1sada) tv\u00e9ho jedn\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bla st\u00e1t tvou v\u016fl\u00ed v\u0161eobecn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edm z\u00e1konem\u201c \u2192 aby se v\u0161ichni ostatn\u00ed zachovali jako j\u00e1\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 nedok\u00e1\u017eeme poznat, co n\u00e1m \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 na\u0161e t\u011blo\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 mor\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1kon \u2192 etika povinnosti \u2192 bo\u017e\u00ed p\u0159ik\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 etika p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed ze vn\u011bj\u0161ka i od \u010dlov\u011bka\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Estetika, city fantazie\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u010dinnost soudce, chce-li dosp\u011bt k soudu \u2192 aplikuje pr\u00e1vn\u00ed z\u00e1sady na existuj\u00edc\u00ed fakta\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 city libosti a nelibosti jsou pot\u0159eba jak \u00fa\u010delobdob\u00ed po-kritick\u00e9Pr\u00e1vo\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Rozd\u011blil na soukrom\u00e9 a ve\u0159ejn\u00e9\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Uzn\u00e1val rozd\u011blen\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed moci do 3 z\u00e1kladn\u00edch v\u011btv\u00ed\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tvrdil, \u017ee znakem st\u00e1tu je z\u00e1konn\u00e1 svoboda = ob\u010dan poslouch\u00e1 jen ty z\u00e1kony, ke kter\u00fdm dal s\u00e1m souhlas\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Neexistuje pr\u00e1vo na revoluci, zm\u011bna by m\u011bla b\u00fdt prov\u00e1d\u011bna vl\u00e1dcem (odporuje si, proto\u017ee francouzskou revoluci p\u0159iv\u00edtal s nad\u0161en\u00edm)\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Rad\u00ed nechat o v\u00e1lce hlasovat referendem, aby lid\u00e9 mohli sami rozhodnout, zda cht\u011bj\u00ed v\u00e1l\u010dit\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Prvn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161il probl\u00e9m mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va\t\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         4.2\/5 - (10 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Immanuel kant","item":"https:\/\/www.konjunktura.cz\/immanuel-kant\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]